Articles

Caleb Sponheim

Caleb Sponheim Ph.D. is a User Experience Specialist with Nielsen Norman Group. A former computational neuroscientist, his expertise includes quantitative user experience research, statistics, analytics, and data science.

@calebsponheim

Articles and Videos

  • AI Strategy: 3 Key Questions

    A strong AI strategy is built by answering those three essential questions honestly. What is our core business? Are we chasing real value or just perception? And what specific problem are we actually trying to solve?

  • The VR Hype Cycle: Lessons for the Age of AI

    Hype happens when messaging becomes divorced from good experiences. Learning from the virtual reality hype cycle can help us avoid future distractions.

  • AI Design Tools Are Marginally Better: Status Update

    Despite improvements in narrow-scope AI design tools, most design-specific AI cannot replicate human designers’ output quality.

  • UX Metrics Are Like Beans

    Common UX metrics can be grouped into three types: continuous, discrete, and binary. Continuous metrics occur on a smooth spectrum, like time. Discrete metrics have regular intervals between them, such as satisfaction score. Binary metrics have two possible values, like pass or fail.

  • Practical vs. Statistical Significance

    Statistical significance does not always equal practical significance. A difference may be statistically significant without having any meaningful impact in real life. Conversely, practical differences may not always achieve statistical significance.

  • When Should We Trust AI? Magic-8-Ball Thinking

    It’s easy to place too much trust in genAI tools. Use only information you can verify or recognize to be true.

  • What Is User Research?

    The goal of user research is to identify ways to improve a product's design based on evidence rather than opinions.

  • You're Not Too Late to Use AI

    Manage your AI anxiety with two quick tips: small experiments and a news diet. Experiment with day-to-day communication and drafting with AI, as integrating AI into your research process. To avoid news overwhelm, subscribe to three weekly sources of information: a newsletter, an optimistic writing source, and a skeptical writing source.

  • AI Isn't Ready for UX Design

    Our research and evaluation show that there are currently few design-specific AI tools that meaningfully enhance UX design workflows. As of Spring 2024, AI isn’t ready for designers to take advantage of them.

  • How to Present UX Research Results Responsibly

    Presenting study data to stakeholders is a crucial step of most projects. Make sure to present your data truthfully and responsibly to avoid costly negative outcomes and reputation loss. Indicate who your data represents and communicate the limitations of your findings.