Visual weight measures how much design elements draw attention from the viewer. Objects that are bigger in size, simpler in shape, use dark colors, or have high contrast appear visually heavier.
Using typefaces with distinct characters can help users easily differentiate alphanumeric data. Choose typefaces that pass the I-L-1 test for data tables and information seen at-a-glance.
Users perceive interface design elements that differentiate the foreground (figure) from the background (ground) as something to focus on or interact with.
Things that move in synch are perceived as belonging to the same group and being different than other screen elements that stay put or move differently.
Visual design elements that are connected (for example, by a line) are seen as belonging together. This principle is strong enough to overrule small differences between the items.
UI elements that are close together are perceived as belonging together, whereas users think that things that are apart play different roles in the interaction.
User interface elements that share one or more traits (such as shape, color, size, etc.) will be seen by users as being similar and belonging together.
The gestalt principles for visual perception make users see some graphical user interface design elements as parts of a whole, and others as being separate, and thus different.
In application design, prevent users from being overwhelmed by putting things in predictable places, using a clear visual hierarchy, and taking advantage of progressive disclosure.
Visual hierarchy can help users decide where to look in a user interface: what's most important can be shown by color and size, and what things belong together can be shown by proximity and common regions.
Users visit websites and use apps to get things done, so emphasize the content of interest to communicate with your audience. Avoid design pollution that decorates the UI with noncommunicative elements.
4 user research methods for assessing visual design (and when and why to use each): preference explanation, open & closed word choice, and numerical rankings for brand attributes.
There are many design tools, and new ones come out all the time. Finding a single tool to do the job is not likely, so focus instead on understanding core design principles and adapting your process to best fit a particular task.
Designers, researchers, and generalists alike can improve their visual design skills through creative exercises focused on identification, replication, or exploration.
